PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.